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“嫦娥五号”2017年择机发射揭秘五大看点

2017年3月3日 13:11 阅读(131)

　　中新社北京3月2日电题：“嫦娥五号”2017年择机发射揭秘五大年夜看点　　中新社记者张素　　中国将在2017岁尾发射“嫦娥五号&r…

　　中新社北京3月2日电题：“嫦娥五号”2017年择机发射揭秘五大年夜看点

　　中新社记者张素

　　中国将在2017岁尾发射“嫦娥五号”月球探测器，按计划将取回2千克的月壤样品。全国人大年夜代表、探月工程三期总设计师胡浩2日在北京吸收中新社记者采访时先容了“嫦娥五号”五大年夜看点。

　　看点一：在地外天体采样

　　胡浩说，已为“嫦娥五号”设计两种取样要领，用以富厚样品类型。其一是在月面打钻，是为取得较深层的月壤；其二是用机器臂在月球外面取样，在有限范围内“横扫”。两种样品的比例约为1：3，外面采取的更多一些。

　　只管机器臂在地面实验室里模拟月球重力情况，挥舞自若，但要到了38万公里以外的月球上，它还能否正确攫取一抔土令人等候。

　　看点二：从月面起飞

　　“嫦娥五号”由轨道器、返回器、上升器和着陆器组成。此中，上升器将携带月壤样品从已落在月面的着陆器上起飞。

　　胡浩对中新社记者指出，有别于地面发射有全面的保障系统，月面起飞时“着陆器的状态将抉择上升状态，而着陆器落在哪里，现在还很难说。”

　　此外，受限于运载火箭的重量和布局，也无法为上升器配备“导流槽”，是以上升器起飞时火焰喷射可能“反卷”，上升器若何抗滋扰也是技巧难关。

　　看点三：在月球轨道长进行无人交会对接

　　胡浩说，不合于“天宫”系列与“神舟”飞船已进行的撞击式交会对接，“嫦娥五号”的上升器与轨道器在月球轨道上的无人交会对接是“抓捕式”。

　　说得形象一些，轨道器将携带“大年夜爪子”，待上升器接近时将其“抓获”。此次交会对接更对测控精度提出严苛的要求，“眼睛得好使，偏差大年夜了就抓不住。”

　　看点四：转移月壤样品

　　胡浩先容，上升器被轨道器“抓获”今后，还必要把月壤样品转移到返回器里，“这个历程也是动作多、难度大年夜”。

　　记者问及月壤样品分发规划，胡浩笑着说已是“供不应求”。他希冀能为中外科学家取回月球样品，使人类对付月球的熟识更为深刻。

　　看点五：携带月壤以靠近第二宇宙速率返回地球

　　对付这一点，因在2014年已成功进行探月工程三期再入返回飞行试验，已验证返回器以靠近第二宇宙速率(11.2千米/秒)返回地球，胡浩多了一份底气。

　　在他看来，假如成功实现探月“绕”“落”“回”，走通一条技巧路线，或将为未来的深空探测及载人登月做铺垫。

　　如今，间隔中国探月工程三期“大年夜考”不够10个月，胡浩坦言事情量还很大年夜，且具有风险。“义务正在按照计划稳步向前推进，估计年内准期实现探月工程三期的目标”，他说。(完)

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